What is the Enlightenment?

The following is an excerpt from my book Public Administration and Enlightenment Ethics  The Enlightenment was a philosophical revolution that grew out of Europe in the 16th century and spread to the Americas in the 17th and 18th century (Szalay, 2016). This movement, also referred to as the Age of Reason is often contrasted against...

On Woman’s Suffrage and Liberty (The Woman’s Suffrage Movement book review)

May 2020 Dear X and Y,  I took part in a feminist book club here on my University’s Campus. Main reason being I do not know a lot about the women's suffrage movement, it was a free club, and it included a free book! I learned a lot and they had extra books so I...

Thomas Jefferson, Selflessness, and Public Service

This was published in the PA Times February 26, 2020 and can be found here. In a study exploring what public administrators saw as the core values or virtues in public administration, Anthony D. Molina found that “public administrators act on a combination of ethical, professional, democratic, and human values as a way of maintaining...

Brod’s Dilemma

It was Summer 1924, and Max Brod was in Franz Kafka’s office. Kafka died of tuberculosis in Austria leaving his dear friend, Brod, two written requests. Brod sat down at Kafka’s paper strewn desk, moving stacks of writings to make room. The first note, undated written in pen read:  Dearest Max, My last request: Everything...

The Thomas Jefferson Series

[NOTE: On my old blog I wrote a series on Thomas Jefferson regarding hatred toward him, his views on slavery and religion, and the Sally Hemmings scandal. The goal was to address misinformation about the best most intelligent United States President. Here is the series in full - C.B. Scott] The stereotypical god-like praise for...

Thomas Paine: The Original Emancipator

"There's no real memorial to him in his country of birth. There's no day that honors him. He's not taught in schools. There's no real memorial to him in his country of adoption tough he is really the unofficial founding father and, undoubtedly, the moral author of the Declaration of Independence" - Christopher Hitchens in...

Federalism – An American Tradition

“It is getting to be harder to run a constitution than to frame one” - Woodrow Wilson, 28th President When one hears about the bureaucracy conglomerate in the federal government, chances are they are referring to federalism. Federalism is the division of power among state governments and the national government. As the size of the...

Financial Aid Through the Ages

University of Bolonga in Bolonga, Italy. https://housinganywhere.com/Bologna--Italy/university-of-bologna In the Beginning: Financial Aid 1080 - 1944 Financial aid is a much older concept than many imagine. To go back to the beginning of financial aid as an institution, one must look as far back as 1088 CE at the University of Bologna. Originally created by a...